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The condition involving an area of skin discoloration caused by blood accumulation is ecchymosis. This term refers specifically to the larger areas of bruising that occur when blood leaks into the surrounding tissues, typically as a result of trauma or injury. When blood vessels rupture, it leads to the visible discoloration, which can range in color from red to purple and eventually fades to yellow-green as the body metabolizes the blood.

Jaundice refers to a yellowing of the skin and eyes, primarily due to elevated levels of bilirubin, often related to liver dysfunction. Pediculosis is an infestation by lice, characterized by itchiness and irritation but does not result in discoloration from blood accumulation. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that involves the pigment-producing cells, which can create dark lesions but is not directly related to bruising or blood accumulation in the skin. Therefore, the identification of ecchymosis is specific to the context of bruising and blood-related skin changes.